The world of Lyme disease medicine is split into two camps – the US 
government-backed "Steere camp", which maintains the disease is 
hard-to-catch, easily cured, and rarely causes chronic neurological 
damage, and the "ILADS camp", which maintains the opposite. The Steere 
camp is intricately bound up with the American biowarfare 
establishment, as well as with giant insurance and other corporate 
interests with a stake in the issue. The ILADS doctors lack such 
connections, but are supported instead by tens of thousands of 
patients rallying behind them. 

Because the Steere camp has been massively funded and promoted by 
federal agencies, its view has dominated Lyme medicine not just in the 
US, but across much of the world. The result has been suffering on a 
grand scale. Below is a concise history of the military aspects of 
this cover-up. 
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Weapons of Mass Infection 

The development of biological weapons has never been confined to 
dictatorships or "rogue" regimes. During the Second World War America, 
Britain and Canada collaborated closely on developing offensive 
bioweapons, and offensive research continued as an openly acknowledged 
activity of the US scientific establishment during the Cold War. Only 
in 1972 was this work banned by international treaty. Meanwhile the 
Maryland-based labs at Fort Detrick, for example, had produced 
millions of mosquitoes, ticks and other vectors for the purpose of 
spreading lethal germs. The island of Gruinard, off the coast of 
Scotland, was only declared habitable again in 1990, nearly fifty 
years after the British first contaminated it during anthrax 
experiments. [ii] 

Ticks, which vector Lyme disease, have been studied as biowarfare 
instruments for decades. Such well-known biowar agents as tularaemia 
and Q-fever are tick-borne. The Borrelia genus of bacteria, which 
encompasses the Borrelia burgdorferi species-group (to which Lyme 
disease is attributed), was studied by the infamous WW2 Japanese 
biowar Unit 731, who carried out horrific experiments on prisoners in 
Manchuria, including dissection of live human beings. [iii] Unit 731 
also worked on a number of other tick-borne pathogens. 

After the war, the butchers of Unit 731 were shielded from prosecution 
by the US authorities, who wanted their expertise for the Cold War. 
[iv] The US government also protected and recruited German Nazi 
bioweaponeers under the aegis of the top-secret Operation Paperclip. 
[v] 

Borreliosis, or infection with microbes belonging to the borrelia 
genus, had been dreaded during the Second World War as a cause of the 
often-fatal disease relapsing fever. The new post-war era of 
penicillin meant that many bacterial infections could now be easily 
cured. However, borrelia were known for their ability to adopt 
different forms under conditions of stress (such as exposure to 
antibiotics). Shedding their outer wall, (which is the target of 
penicillin and related drugs), they could ward off attack and continue 
to exist in the body. 

Lyme disease is not usually fatal, and it is sometimes argued that, 
with rapidly lethal agents like smallpox and plague available, an army 
would have no interest in it. However, what is important to understand 
here is that incapacitating or "non-lethal" bioweapons are a major 
part of biowarfare R&D[vi], and have been for decades. For example, 
during the Second World War, brucellosis, chronically disabling but 
not usually fatal, was a major preoccupation. Military strategists 
understand that disabling an enemy's soldiers can sometimes cause more 
damage than killing them, as large amount of resources are then tied 
up in caring for the casualties. An efficient incapacitating weapon 
dispersed over a civilian population could destroy a country's economy 
and infrastructure without firing a shot. People would either be too 
sick to work, or too busy looking after those who were. 

The EIS and the "Discovery" of Lyme 

Modern Lyme history begins in 1975 when a mother in the town of Old 
Lyme, Connecticut reported the outbreak of a strange, multi-system 
disease. The town lies directly opposite the Plum Island biowarfare research lab where, according to former Justice official John Loftus, Nazi scientists brought to the US after WW2 may have test-dropped "poison ticks". [vii] It should be noted that Loftus' reputation for 
gathering accurate, hard-hitting information is strong – strong enough 
to bring down in disgrace the former Chancellor of Austria and 
Secretary-General of the UN Kurt Waldheim, after the latter's wartime 
SS record was revealed. 

While it's not yet known if Plum Island experimented on Lyme-causing 
borrelia, the lab's directors openly admitted to Michael Carroll, 
author of a recently-published book which is endorsed by two former 
State Governors, that they kept "tick colonies". The "hard tick" 
Amblyomma americanum, a known carrier of Borrelia burgdorferi, was one 
of the subjects of the Island's experiments. [viii]This tick is not 
the one most commonly associated with transmitting Borrelia 
burgdorferi, but it is implicated in harbouring Borrelia lonestari, 
believed to be the cause of a "Lyme-like illness" in the American 
south. [ix] 

Carroll's book reveals a shocking disregard for safety, in this lab 
handling some of the most dangerous germs on earth. Eyewitnesses 
described how infected animals were kept in open-air pens. Birds 
swooping down into the pens could have picked up and spread infected 
ticks worldwide. 

When Polly Murray made her now-famous call to the Connecticut health 
department to report the strange epidemic among children and adults in 
her town, her initial reception was lukewarm. However, some weeks 
later, she got an unexpected call from a Dr David Snydman, of the 
Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS), who was very interested. He 
arranged for fellow EIS officer Dr Allen Steere to get involved. By 
the time Mrs. Murray turned up for her appointment at Yale, the doctor 
she had expected to see had been relegated to the role of an onlooker. 
Allen Steere had taken charge – and his views were to shape the course 
of Lyme medicine for the next thirty years, up till today. [x] 

To understand the significance of all this, we need a closer look at 
the Epidemic Intelligence Service, the EIS. 

The EIS is an elite, quasi-military unit of Infectious Disease experts 
set up in the 1950's to develop an offensive biowarfare capability. 
Despite the banning of offensive biowar in the 1970's, the crack 
troops of the EIS continue to exist, ostensibly for non-offensive 
research into "emerging disease" threats, a blanket phrase covering 
both bioweapon attacks and natural epidemics at the same time. 
Graduates of the EIS training program are sent in to occupy strategic 
positions in the US health infrastructure, taking leadership at 
federal and state health agencies, in academia, industry and the 
media. The organisation also extends its influence abroad, training 
officers for public health agencies in Britain, France, the 
Netherlands etc. [xi] [xii] 

In fact a high proportion of Steere camp Lyme experts are involved 
with the EIS. Given that the EIS is a small, elite force, (in 2001 the 
CDC revealed there were less than 2500 EIS officers in existence since 
the unit was first created in 1951 [xiii]), it seems incredible that 
so many of America's top Infectious Disease experts would devote their 
careers to what they themselves claim is a "hard-to-catch, 
easily-cured" disease. 

Within a few years of Steere's "discovery" of Lyme disease (the unique 
Lyme rash, and certain associated symptoms, had been recognised in 
Europe nearly a century before), it was announced that its bacterial 
cause had been identified. The microbe was accidentally found by 
biowarfare scientist Willy Burgdorfer and was subsequently named for 
him. Burgdorfer has championed the Lyme patients' movement and is not 
suspected of any wrongdoing. However it is not impossible that he was 
unwittingly caught up in a chain of events that were not as random as 
they might have seemed. 

Burgdorfer was a Swiss scientist who had been recruited by the US 
Public Health Service in the 1950's. He was highly experienced with 
both ticks and borrelia, but after being told that the government were 
not interesting in funding work with the latter, he switched to work 
with Rickettsia and other pathogens. [xiv] In 1981, Burgdorfer was 
sent a batch of deer ticks by a team studying Rocky Mountain Spotted 
Fever on the East Coast. In charge of the team was one Dr Jorge 
Benach. [xv] Benach subsequently spent much of his career as a Steere 
camp Lyme researcher. In 2004 he was chosen as recipient for a $3 
million biowarfare research grant. [xvi] 

Cutting open some of Benach' ticks, Burgdorfer noticed microfilaria 
(microscopic worm young). This was a subject he had been studying 
recently, only these microfilaria were different. They were 
exceptionally large, large enough to be seen with the naked eye.[xvii] 
His curiosity naturally piqued, he opened up several more ticks. There 
he was surprised to find the spiral-shaped germs of borrelia. 

Cultivation is necessary in order to isolate bacteria for study, so 
that diagnostic tests, vaccines or cures can be developed. Borrelia 
are very difficult to grow in culture. However, by "lucky 
coincidence", another scientist had recently joined the lab where he 
worked, and had apparently been involved in an amazing breakthrough in 
this area. So naturally Burgdorfer handed the infected ticks over to 
him. [xviii] 

That scientist was Dr. Alan Barbour, an officer, like Steere and 
Snydman, of the Epidemic Intelligence Service, with a background in 
work on anthrax, one of the most terrifying biowarfare agents known. 
[xix] 

EIS man Barbour therefore became the first to isolate the prototype 
organism on which all subsequent Lyme disease blood tests would be 
based. [xx] This is very significant, as a huge body of evidence [xxi] 
indicates the unreliability of these tests, which are routinely used 
to rule out the disease. Additionally, all DNA detection of the Lyme 
agent in ticks and animals is ultimately based, directly or 
indirectly, on the genetic profile of the strain first isolated by 
Barbour. 

Shortly after Barbour's discovery, other species and strains of the 
Lyme-causing bacteria were isolated, especially in Europe. They were 
all classified based on their resemblance to Barbour's organism, and 
have been grouped into a category called Borrelia burgdorferi sensu 
lato or "Bbsl" for short. However, a borrelia was subsequently found 
in the southern US (referred to briefly above) which appears not to be 
a member of Barbour's Bbsl group at all.[xxii] 

The bacteria, named Borrelia lonestari, often evades detection on Lyme 
blood tests, is not found using DNA tests, and does not grow in 
Barbour's culture medium which is used world-wide for lab study. 
[xxiii]And yet, it appears to cause an illness identical to Lyme – 
down to the "bullseye rash", which, though not present in all 
patients, is considered unique to Lyme disease. 

In 2005 Barbour, who spent much of his career studying the 
"hard-to-catch, easy-to-cure" Lyme disease, was placed in charge of 
the multi-million new biowarfare mega-complex based at University of 
California at Irvine (UCI). [xxiv] Barbour is joined there by his 
close colleague and fellow Steerite Jonas Bunikis, author of recent 
papers calling for a restrictive approach to Lyme diagnosis. 

The Spread and the Spin 
By the late 1980's it was realised that Lyme disease was rapidly 
spreading out of control. Cases were reported across America, Europe 
and Asia. Federal health agencies launched a major propaganda effort 
to limit diagnosis and so artificially "contain" the epidemic. The 
National Institute of Health (NIH) appointed biowarfare expert Edward 
McSweegan as Lyme Program officer. [xxv] Under his leadership the 
diagnostic criteria was skewed to exclude most sufferers, especially 
those with chronic neurological illness. McSweegan's successor at NIH, 
Dr Phil Baker, is an anthrax expert [xxvi], and has continued his 
policies. 

The Center for Disease Control (CDC) is another federal body which has 
had a major impact on how Lyme is diagnosed and treated. Its influence 
extends abroad, with European public health departments drawing up 
policies based on CDC guidelines. It should be remembered that it is 
the CDC which trains the Epidemic Intelligence Service, and much of 
the leadership of CDC has traditionally been drawn from EIS ranks. 
Therefore it comes as no surprise to learn that David Dennis, the head 
of vector-borne diseases at CDC, with massive influence over Lyme 
issues, was involved with the EIS. However, we could legitimately 
wonder why, at lower levels of the CDC hierarchy, EIS officers - the 
nation's heavyweight infectious disease experts - continue to play 
such a major role in investigating the supposedly "hard-to-catch, 
easily cured" Lyme. (For example, EIS officers Martin Schriefer and 
Captain Paul Mead.) [xxvii].[xxviii] 

In 2001, responding to the protest of thousands of patients that 
standard two or three-week antibiotic courses were not sufficient, the 
NIH commissioned biowarfare scientist Mark Klempner to study 
persistence of Lyme infection. ILADS doctors had found that patients 
left untreated in the early phase often needed long courses of 
antibiotics, [xxix] sometimes for years. Klempner, however, concluded 
that persistent Lyme infection did not exist. In 2003 Klempner was 
appointed head of the new $1.6 billion biowarfare top-security 
facility being developed at Boston University. Shortly after, the news 
emerged that there had been an escape of the deadly bug tularaemia 
which was not properly reported to the authorities. [xxx] 

In 2005 the author discovered a document on the NIH website listing 
Lyme as one of the potential bioterrorism agents studied in BSL-4 (top 
security) labs. After this was publicised, the NIH announced they had 
made a "mistake", and removed the words "Lyme disease" from the page. 
(At the time of writing, the original is still available in cached 
Internet archives. [xxxi]) However, at around the same time, a CDC 
source leaked the identical information to the Associated Press. 
[xxxii] Moreover, the Science Coalition, comprising entities as 
prestigious as the American Medical Association, Yale University, and 
the American Red Cross, maintain a website which, at the time of 
writing, also lists Lyme as a disease studied for its biowarfare 
potential. [xxxiii] Could these three major organisations all have, 
co-incidentally, made the same "mistake"? 

In 2004 the UK government denied that Lyme was a threat in Britain and 
told Parliament that no Lyme research had been conducted since 1999. 
[xxxiv] Yet the report of the official UK delegation to an 
international conference on the prevention of bioterrorism revealed 
that Lyme was being studied at Porton Down, Britain's top biowarfare 
facility. [xxxv] Britain, and many other European countries, take 
their lead on Lyme from a body called EUCALB, rooted in Steere camp 
methodology. NATO has also been directly involved in moves to 
"harmonise" European Lyme diagnosis along Steerite lines 

A Bug of Many Talents 
Lyme's ability to evade detection on routine medical tests, its myriad 
presentations which can baffle doctors by mimicking 100 different 
diseases, its amazing abilities to evade the immune system and 
antibiotic treatment, would make it an attractive choice to 
bioweaponeers looking for an incapacitating agent. Lyme's abilities as 
"the great imitator" might mean that an attack could be misinterpreted 
as simply a rise in the incidence of different, naturally-occurring 
diseases such as autism, MS, lupus and chronic fatigue syndrome 
(M.E.). Borrelia's inherent ability to swap outer surface proteins, 
which may also vary widely from strain to strain, would make the 
production of an effective vaccine extremely difficult. (A vaccine 
developed for the public by the Steere camp in collaboration with 
Glaxo Smithkline was pulled from the market a few years ago amid class 
action lawsuits [xxxvi].) Finally, the delay before the appearance of 
the most incapacitating symptoms would allow plenty of time for an 
attacker to move away from the scene, as well as preventing people in 
a contaminated zone from realising they had been infected and seeking 
treatment. Often in the early period there is no rash, only vague 
flu-like or other non-specific symptoms which might be dismissed by 
GP's, or ignored by the patient. 

The 2003 proposal for a rapid-detection method for biowarfare by Dr JJ 
Dunn of Brookhaven National Lab seems to add further grounds for 
suspicion. It is based on the use of two "sentinel" germs – plague and 
Lyme. [xxxvii] 

In 1999 Lyme patient advocacy leader Pat Smith was amazed to find, on 
visiting an Army base at an old biowar testing ground in Maryland, 
that the US Dept. of Defence has developed a satellite-linked system 
that enables soldiers to read, in real-time, off a display on their 
helmet's visor, information about the rate of Lyme-infected ticks 
wherever they may be on earth. Unit commanders could update the 
database using state-of-the-art portable PCR machines, which test for 
Lyme DNA in soldiers bitten by ticks. [xxxviii] The use of such 
cutting-edge technology for a supposedly "hard-to-catch, easy-to-cure" 
illness seems odd, to say the least! 

Lyme is often complicated by the presence of co-infecting diseases in 
the same tick, e.g. those caused by the microbes of babesia, 
bartonella, mycoplasma (believed by some researchers to be the cause 
of Gulf War illness), ehrlichia, microfilaria and encephalitis 
viruses. Investigations into some of these, too, have been led by 
American biowar experts. 

It could be argued that some of these Lyme researchers have been 
awarded biowar-related grants simply because they are Infectious 
Disease specialists, which is a natural terrain from which to recruit. 
After all, research budgets for biowar have ballooned massively since 
the anthrax attacks of 2001; there is a demand for large numbers of 
personnel to work on such projects. 

Well, there are two things that could be said here. First, researchers 
who have spent much or most of their careers studying a 
"hard-to-catch, easily-cured" disease would not appear to be the best
choice as recipients of this type of grant, unless the "easily-cured" 
disease had some relation to biowarfare. Second, while some infectious 
disease specialists began to study biowarfare organisms for the first 
time after 2001, this is not necessarily the case with the Steerites. 
Klempner, for example, was studying ways to increase the virulence of 
Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, over 20 years ago 
[xxxix]; Barbour researched anthrax for the Army in the 1970's. [xl] 

The defeat of Saddam Hussein in the 1991 Gulf War was followed by the 
drawing up, by the UN Special Commission (UNSCOM) of a list of 
microbes to be monitored in Iraq. Among them - the borrelia genus in 
general, and Borrelia burgdorferi in particular. [xli] UNSCOM also 
included organisms such as ehrlichia and babesia, which are often 
present in Lyme-infected ticks, and are acquired as concurrent 
illnesses when a person is bitten. 

There are other organisms on the UN list not generally associated, in 
the public mind, with biowarfare, and it could be argued that the UN 
was simply being extra cautious by casting a wide net. However, 
whether Lyme bacteria were present in Iraq at that time or not, they 
certainly are today, and US Army manuals warn soldiers to protect 
themselves from the disease [xlii] If we are to accept the traditional 
Steerite explanation for the rise of Lyme – that it is a natural 
consequence of a recent population explosion of deer due to 
reforestation, combined suburbanisation, bringing humans into contact 
with forests – then the presence of Lyme in the dusty sand dunes of 
Iraq seems perverse. 

And what of the doctors of the opposing camp, those associated with 
ILADS? ILADS doctors and researchers increasingly find themselves 
persecuted, victims of spurious charges made against them to Medical 
Boards, and are hounded out of their professions. At the time of 
writing, paediatrician Dr Charles Ray Jones, credited by thousands of 
parents with restoring the health of their disabled children, is under 
trial, accused of misconduct. A few years ago, Dr Lida Mattman, a 
Nobel Prize nominee who worked on an alternative culture medium for 
Lyme, was ordered to shut down operations by police who arrived at her 
lab with handcuffs. Dozens of doctors who had been treating Lyme 
successfully according to their clinical judgement, rather than 
relying on insensitive blood tests or arbitrary limits on antibiotic 
duration, have been forced to stop. The president of ILADS, Dr Raymond 
Stricker, has told the press he believes Lyme disease is a bioweapon. 
 

Summary 

Lyme disease is the subject of hot controversy, with the "Steere camp" 
claiming it is an easily cured ailment, while the ILADS camp views it 
as a severely disabling, multi-symptom neurological disease. 

The number of Steere camp Lyme researchers with a background in the 
Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS) and/or biowarfare research is too 
numerous to be pure co-incidence. Two scientists who have played a 
central role in the Lyme story, Barbour and Klempner, have been placed 
in charge of new biowar super-labs set up in the aftermath of 9-11, 
where they are aided by some of their Steerite colleagues. Others, 
while not in charge of super-labs, are nevertheless in receipt of 
substantial grants for biowarfare research. 

The United States and some of its NATO allies have a long and sordid 
history of experimentation into biological weapons of mass destruction 
and mass incapacitation. The Borrelia genus and ticks as biowar 
vectors have been studied for decades, and recent revelations about 
the Plum Island disease lab, across the water from old Lyme, 
Connecticut are worrying. The development of the so-called "non-lethal 
weapons" has been a major part of biowar science for decades. 

Suspicion is further fuelled by the declaration by America's National 
Institute of Health that a document on their website listing Lyme as a 
microbe studied for bioterrorism potential was a "mistake", just at 
the time that a CDC source leaked the same "mistake" to the Associated 
Press. British delegates at an international conference on the 
prevention of bioterrorism revealed that intense work on Lyme and 
other tick-borne disease is conducted at the UK's top biowar lab at 
Porton Down. 

Lyme has been chosen as a "sentinel organism" in a method of rapidly 
detecting bioweapons, and the whole genus, or category, of borrelia 
was included among those to be monitored by the UN in Iraq after the 
first Gulf War. US soldiers in Iraq today are warned by the military 
to protect themselves against the disease. 

It's possible to see the modern history of Lyme as a string of events 
with an EIS member at every crucial node. The discovery of new 
Lyme-causing borrelia, genetically distinct from the Borrelia 
burgdorferi group first cultured by EIS officer Alan Barbour, throws 
up the question as to whether the Bbsl organisms he introduced to 
medicine was the only, (or even the most) relevant borrelia. The 
testing and diagnostic regimens based on the views of Barbour, Steere, 
etc and backed by federal health agencies such as CDC and NIH 
currently condemn huge numbers of Lyme patients to a medical limbo, 
without treatment or recognition for their disease. The cost in human 
suffering may be unimaginable. 

What is written above was taken directly from the website 
http://dailystrength.org/c/Lyme_Disease/forum/1196694-lyme-biowarfare-issue.  Pretty scary.  What does it take to end the suffering and help the thousands infected?  Help with awareness, education and fund raising events are a start.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

Williams P, and Wallace D, "Unit 731, the Japanese Army's Secret 
of Secrets", Hodder and Stoughton 1989, p284 
[ii] BBC news website news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/1457035.stm 
[iii] Howard Cole, Chief of Intelligence at America's Chemical Warfare 
Service, reported in "Unit 731" , p105 

[iv] "Unit 731". Op cit. 
[v] Carroll, Michael "Lab 257- 
The Disturbing Story of the Government's Secret Germ Laboratory", 
Harper Collins 2004 

[vi] Joint Non-Lethal Weapons Directorate /www.jnlwd.usmc.mil 

[vii] "Lab 257" op cit. 
[viii] ibid. 
[ix] Bacon et al, "Glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase gene (glpQ) 
of Borrelia lonestari identified as a target for differentiating 
Borrelia species associated with hard ticks", J Clin Microbiol 2004 
May;42(5):2326-8. 

[x] Murray, Polly, "The Widening Circle", St Martin's Press 1996 

[xi] www.cste.org/PS/2006pdfs/...FINAL.pdf. 

[xii] Center for Disease Control website www.cdc.gov/eis; 
www.cdc.gov/od/oc/media/p...010720.htm 

[xiii] ibid. 

[xiv] Barbour, Alan "Lyme Disease: the Cause, the Cure, the 
Controversy", The John Hopkins University Press 1996, p 29. 
[xv] "The Widening Circle", op cit. p.174 
[xvi] New York State Office of Science, Technology and Academic 
research, NYStar News 
www.nystar.state.ny.us/nl...A08-04.htm 

[xvii]Beaver, PC and Burgdorfer, W "A microfilaria of exceptional size 
from the ixodid tick, Ixodes dammini, from Shelter Island, New York" J 
Parasitol 1984 Dec;70(6):963-6 

[xviii] Barbour, Alan "Lyme Disease: the Cause, the Cure, the 
Controversy", The John Hopkins University Press 1996 p30. 
[xix] University of California at Irvine website 
today.uci.edu/news/media_...asp?key=80 
[xx] Barbour, Alan op cit. 
[xxi] See 17 pages of citations from peer-reviewed medical literature 
archived at www.lymeinfo.net/medical/...tivity.pdf 

[xxii] Bacon et al, op cit. 

[xxiii] Varela et al, "First Culture Isolation of Borrelia lonestari, 
Putative Agent of Southern Tick-Associated Rash Illness ", J Clin 
Microbiol. 2004 March; 42(3): 1163–1169 

[xxiv] UCI Medical Centre 
www.ucihealth.com/News/Re...search.htm 
[xxv] McSweegan biography 
advance.uri.edu/quadangle...m#profile6 

[xxvi] NIH News www.nih.gov/news/pr/apr2006/niaid-... 

[xxvii] CDC www.cdc.gov/eis/conference/archive... 
[xxviii] NY Academy of Sciences www.nyas.org/biodef/speakers.asp 

[xxix] ILADS Treatment Guidelines www.ilads.org/guidelines.html

[xxx] www.washingtonpost.com/wp...Jan21.html 

[xxxi] For example, this one at: 
web.archive.org/web/20050...ick_qa.htm 
[xxxii] See MSNBC article featured on 
www.ctlymedisease.org/fea...icle02.htm

[xxxiii] www.sciencecoalition.org/...y_main.htm 
[xxxiv] www.theyworkforyou.com/wr...disease%22 
[xxxv] www.opbw.org/new_process/...ev.1_E.pdf 
[xxxvi] business.guardian.co.uk/s...32,00.html 

[xxxvii] Sherr, V comment in the Lancet 
www.thehumansideoflyme.ne...51aface839 

[xxxviii] www.lymediseaseassociatio...erence.doc 

[xxxix] Pollack C, Straley SC, Klempner MS, "Probing the 
phagolysosomal environment of human macrophages with a Ca2+-responsive 
operon fusion in Yersinia pestis" Nature. 1986 Aug 28-Sep 
3;322(6082):834-6. 

[xl] Rees et al, "Epidemiologic and laboratory investigations of 
bovine anthrax in two Utah counties in 1975" Public Health Rep, 1977 
Mar-Apr;92(2):176-86. 

[xli] "Note by the Executive Chairman of the Special Commission 
established pursuant to paragraph 9 (b) (i) of Security Council 
resolution 687 (1991)" Document date: 17 March 1995 Ref- S/1995/208 
www.fas.org/news/un/iraq/...5-0208.htm

[xlii] First Infantry Division Soldier's Handbook to Iraq, 
Unclassified Document 2003 
Posted on 11/03/07, 02:11 pm

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